Animal Science
Chapter 5
Figures and Diagrams
(Under Construction)

The images on this page have 'hot spots' you can click on them to learn more about that particular area.

Figure 1, The digestive tract of the cow, a ruminant animal
Figure 2, The digestive tract of the pig, a simple-stomached (non-ruminant) animal.
Figure 3, The four divisions of the ruminant stomach.
Figure 4, The digestive tract of the horse, a non-ruminant animal
Figure 5, The digestive tract of the chicken, a non-ruminant animal

Mouth

Digestive system starts in the mouth-food enters the body.

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Tongue

Used to move feed around in the mouth.

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Teeth

Performs the process called MASTICATION or breaking down of feed.  The teeth break, cut and tears up the feed.  This increases the surface area of the feed particles which, in turn, helps the chewing and swallowing process.

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Salivary Glands

Produce Saliva.  Saliva contains the enzymes, salivary amylase and salivary maltase.  These ENZYMES are substances called organic catalysts that speed up the digestive process.  Salivary amylase changes some starch to maltose or malt sugar.  Salivary maltase changes maltose into glucose.

Saliva helps in swallowing, enhances feed flavor and aids in digestion.

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Esophagus

Tube-like passage from the mouth to the stomach.

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Rumen

The Rumen and Reticulum consist of 85 % of the ruminants stomach.  There is no division between the rumen and reticulum.
When the animal eats, the solid portion goes into the rumen to begin the breakdown process.
In the rumen, the feed is mixed and partially broken down by bacteria.  A slow churning and mixing action takes place.
When the rumen is full, the animal lies down and the feed is then forced back into the mouth and rumination occurs.  
The rumen and reticulum contain millions of microorganisms called bacteria and protozoa.
It is the bacterial action in the rumen that allows ruminants to use large amounts of roughage.

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Reticulum

The Rumen and Reticulum consist of 85 % of the ruminants stomach.  There is no division between the rumen and reticulum.
The rumen and reticulum contain millions of microorganisms called bacteria and protozoa.
*Animals sometimes swallow foreign objects, such as wire and nails.  These are held in the reticulum.  

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Omasum

Third portion of the ruminant stomach.  It makes up about 8% of the stomach.  
It grinds up feed, and may help squeeze out water.  Its purpose is not fully known.

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Abomasum

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Duodenum

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Pancreas

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Liver

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Gall Bladder

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Small Intestine

Long folded tube attached to the lower end of the stomach.  From there, the digested material passes to the large intestine.

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Villi

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Cecum

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Large Intestine

Larger in diameter but much shorter in length than the small intestine. 

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Rectum

End portion of the Large Intestine.

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Anus

Area where undigested material, called feces, is passed from the body.

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Mouth

Digestive system starts in the mouth-food enters the body.

Back to Figure 2

Tongue

Used to move feed around in the mouth.

Back to Figure 2

Teeth

Performs the process called MASTICATION or breaking down of feed.  The teeth break, cut and tears up the feed.  This increases the surface area of the feed particles which, in turn, helps the chewing and swallowing process.

Back to Figure 2

Salivary Glands

Produce Saliva.  Saliva contains the enzymes, salivary amylase and salivary maltase.  These ENZYMES are substances called organic catalysts that speed up the digestive process.  Salivary amylase changes some starch to maltose or malt sugar.  Salivary maltase changes maltose into glucose.

Saliva helps in swallowing, enhances feed flavor and aids in digestion.

Back to Figure 2

Esophagus

Tube-like passage from the mouth to the stomach.

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Stomach

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Duodenum

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Liver

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Gall Bladder

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Pancreas

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Jejunum

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Villi

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Small Intestine

Long folded tube attached to the lower end of the stomach.  From there, the digested material passes to the large intestine.

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Ileum

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Cecum

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Colon

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Large Intestine

Larger in diameter but much shorter in length than the small intestine. 

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Rectum

End portion of the Large Intestine.

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Anus

Area where undigested material, called feces, is passed from the body.

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Ruminant Stomach

RUMEN

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RETICULUM

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OMASUM

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ABOMASUM

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Mouth

Digestive system starts in the mouth-food enters the body.

Back to Figure 4

Teeth

Performs the process called MASTICATION or breaking down of feed.  The teeth break, cut and tears up the feed.  This increases the surface area of the feed particles which, in turn, helps the chewing and swallowing process.

Back to Figure 4

Esophagus

Tube-like passage from the mouth to the stomach.

Back to Figure 4

Stomach

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Duodenum

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Small Intestine

Long folded tube attached to the lower end of the stomach.  From there, the digested material passes to the large intestine.

Back to Figure 4

Cecum

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Large Intestine

Larger in diameter but much shorter in length than the small intestine.

Back to Figure 4

Anus

Area where undigested material, called feces, is passed from the body.

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Beak

Digestive system starts in the mouth-food enters the body.  Poultry have a BEAK, this also aids in breaking down the food.

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Tongue

Used to move feed around in the mouth.

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Esophagus

Tube-like passage from the mouth to the stomach.

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Crop

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Proventriculus

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Liver

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Spleen

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Gizzard

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Pancreas

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Duodenum

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Small Intestine

Long folded tube attached to the lower end of the stomach.  From there, the digested material passes to the large intestine.

Back to Figure 5

Large Intestine

Larger in diameter but much shorter in length than the small intestine.

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Ceca

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Cloaca

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Anus

Area where undigested material, called feces, is passed from the body.

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This Page Was Last Updated On 01/20/2009

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